People & Society

The Canada Observatory leaf in the People & Society colour

How many people live in Canada, how that’s changing, and how safe our communities feel. Maps reach down to the neighbourhood level.

Population & Growth

Totals and growth, the components of change, non-permanent residents, the ageing population, and migration between provinces.

Diversity

Visible minority and population group composition over time and mapped to the census tract, with per-metro neighbourhood detail.

Religion

Religious affiliation from 1871 to today: the long-run shift, and the 2021 picture mapped down to the neighbourhood.

Languages

The languages spoken at home across Canada’s cities, mapped to the census tract.

Citizenship

Canadian-born, naturalized, and non-citizens by neighbourhood. Also: federal voter turnout over time.

Commuting

How Canadians get to work and how long it takes, by city (2021 Census).

Crime & Safety

Long-run crime severity and homicide, everyday crime trends, hate crime, clearance rates, and city and neighbourhood maps.

Indigenous Lands

First Nations reserves and modern land-claim settlement lands.